Reform of the upper and lower interaction

 Reform of the upper and lower interaction
Zhou Qi Ren  
by the government as the engine of social and economic structural changes, almost as deeply rooted in our country a . enterprise reform, a number of familiar slogans can not be separated. From object to these slogans. just hear more, can not help but want to: these many months ; out leaders and superiors, who can no longer be the engine of social change. Since the subject of each sentence is the government, it would not be particularly highlighted. However, no subject is only omitted a ubiquitous government. The next question is: Government reform as party and government-led social reform. This summary is not accurate. rural people's commune system reform is the result of many forces work together. The first one is the power of farmers. Although the reform process, farmers do not issue system sound reform program did not write, nor put forward reform proposals, but the most original driving force are farmers. Now a lot of literature, trace the origin of rural reform, not just back 1977m1978 years, but dates back to 20th century the early 60s. then called .
one would guess, a private plots, a free market, a wholesale change in the people's commune system, the two support points. Now there is a change on the organization and systems theory, called by members, but the enthusiasm for the efforts and work back out. retreated to where to go? private plots. The farmers come up with products in the private plots, to the realization of the bazaar. This time, the farmers have a frame of reference, however: the sweat paid to private plots the sweat and pay the public price tag not the same field. result, the efforts of farmers to pay less and less communal.
government did her best to enhance the people's communes, the labor effort of farmers to pay the appeal. to increase agricultural production materials running to launch Agriculture, Learn, reduce procurement of agricultural tax burden and improve the purchase price of agricultural products; the City trade. later system. hard predatory soil fertility. This time, the government important. the Government can provide legal protection for farmers spontaneous innovation. Without any legal protection of property rights system, can not be expected to form a stable of actors, it is not total chaos? So , exit and innovation of farmers is important, the Government's policy changes and legal protection of the new system is also essential.
government is not a person, but a complex system. the central government, local government and grass-roots government , different status, different administrative loads, the resources are also different; decision-making and execution level, different responsibilities, information from different sources, the focus is different; different government departments, between different interests, the position is different; In addition, the combined brought on a huge map of the socio-economic development is uneven in different regions. big government system, how to get rid of vested interests and institutional inertia of the dominant, able to spontaneously from the underlying changes in the practice of farmers to make a positive response, this is the successful Reform of the most difficult places. In this process, this ideological line, reform-minded leaders and political ability, and prepared to open conditions and policies for the theory, are important. But the most worthy of emphasis is All these factors play a role no one can separate, and all the necessary elements have been not to say that state-owned enterprises also implement the . Now, the state-owned enterprise reform has been a lot of practical experience, but the operating losses of state-owned enterprise sector, laid-off serious, deteriorating the overall situation has not fundamentally reversed. at this time, enhance the interaction between the upper and lower may receive special effect. than during the continue to single spontaneous innovation of SOE reform, than the design of a single top-down implementation of the reform program, and down from places more emphasis on interaction, various self-reform experience in the extraction can be generalized to accelerate its global legalization and institutionalization, which entered into force in the global fight.