Tuesday, October 12, 2010

Chinese Grammar (II)

 Discussed here, Strictly speaking the words and not words, but to contact morpheme.

, phrases and so on.

behind the use of nouns and pronouns

Example:

blue sky (the + adjective + noun)

cute you (the + adjective + synonymous)

aimlessly search (state + of + gerund phrase, then phrase + of + noun phrase)

beautiful blue (the + adjective + adjective, in this structure, the br>
status or status word adverbial phrase + to form, then the connection is the role of words, mainly verbs and verb phrases. A + to + B structure, the action B to state A for the.

is a noun.) In addition,

Example:

quickly ran away (adverb + verb phrase)

intensely cultivated (adverb + verb)

aimlessly search (state + to + verb phrase, then up , adjectives, or phrases that state (but not nouns, pronouns, numerals, quantifiers, etc., and can not show the state of the phrase), and subsequently the role of words, mainly adjectives and adverbs, and state phrase. inversion structure.

Example:

run fast (verb + adverb)

throw very far (verb + adjective)

your very nice old bag (adjective + adjective phrase)

happy to jump up (adverb + verb phrase, then can not help jumping up with delight.)



the context of the three can be simply that:

words in front of the word;

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sentences and sentences into complex sentences simple sentences. Single sentence divided into the main verb and non-predicate sentence.

single sentence



the main verb is the main verb phrase from the Lord to bring a certain tone that constitute a sentence.

part of speech under the predicate is different from that sentence can be divided into the main terms that statement, that statement verbs, adjectives that statement,Discount UGG boots, that statement is that the four main types. Among them, that statement is a predicate verb phrase as predicate of the main verb.

If the retention under the subject to divide, the main verb predicate can be divided into complete and incomplete sentences main verb.

complete the main verb

For example:

Xiaoqiang was turtle, eat



not exactly the main verb

, did not show up all the sentences. For example:

Mao Xiaohui asked: not exactly the main verb does not affect the context of the. The example of Mao Xiaohui Cheng's question earlier, do not self-evident, so eliminating the predicate part of the better.

non-predicate sentence

subject-predicate sentence For example, sometimes a particular occasion, we are not the case in context with the tone to call a shouted This is not a subject or predicate is omitted, but just do not need to fill out the subject-predicate structure. While we can arbitrarily as the In other words, is changed, is another one sentence. We can not change the original meaning of the original sentence, make the case that a suitable structure to main. Different from the phrases of the sentences, clauses in the sentence is not each other sentence elements, and that the clauses are in place in the form of a single sentence (which can be a single sentence that the sentence of the main forms of non-main verb form).

course, this phrase is only relative in terms of independence.

we try to This complex sentence with two clauses are in the form of a single sentence, they are each a complete sentence structure, verb, and the clause and the clause is only parallel between the relations that the Philippines does not exist in the main sentence elements such as set-like complement relationship. If independent, also with a complete view of a single sentence is no different. If we put the form on the cases of two simple sentences to express meaning when used alone, they are two single sentence, can each have a full tone.

course, as the complex sentence, when read together Complex Sentences own tune, not fragmented. Complex sentence in the clause and do not have a complete meaning, not a standalone application, a complete lack of self expression, not complementary concepts.

Sentence basic types: 1, tied for complex sentence, 2, following a complex sentence, 3, progressive complex sentences, 4,UGG boots, select the complex sentence, 5, Transitional Sentence, 6, assume that complex sentences, 7, Causational, 8, condition complex sentences, 9, explain complex sentence, 10, the purpose of complex sentence.

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Objects in the sentence are a case in modern Chinese, a complete sentence is more strictly follow the structure. The kinds of sentences from the ancient Chinese, the verb phrase as a predicate complement. Can be considered Equivalent to

Example:

Xiaoming get into the hands of the mouse.

virus destroyed the system.

I hit your hand Gang Bian.

your books at page 53.

he raised his flag.

setting sun lit up the evening sky will be red.

quarter to noon to take repeated surgery Wenzhan.

I will get you to ask! (Where the that

but the difference is the words: words can be omitted by the subject, may omit 'is' word

in the written language and classical).

Example:

I was hit. (Omit the subject)

I was he hit.

I was playing him.

of me being shot. He could get someone to fool the.

I, Kennedy went so far as Men Do not Cry by the harm.

controlled by others.

by him drink mineral water.

let him fool you.

cat fish will be eaten.

he was shameless traitor betrayed.

prisoners are held in a secret place. (Omit the subject, + that omit the words in the subject, but stressed that the composition of words and be different).

Example:

He beat me <-> I was playing him.

cat fish will be eaten by <-> cat would eat fish.

by the action, emphasized by the actors after a feeling of)

tense

Chinese tense verbs do not change, and when the state is not as clear and strong in English so, usually By the time adverbial and some



the present time when the state is the most common, with the English, not with the time adverbial and the

Example:

This website is Wikipedia.

athletes running.

he called



past actions described in the past with the time adverbial or more

Example:

this site in the past is not Wikipedia.

players yesterday afternoon in the running.

he has called



when the future action of the future described in more with the time adverbial or

Example:

this site will become the world's largest encyclopedia site.

athletes running tomorrow.

he renamed



in progress in carrying out the actions described in more with the time adverbial or

Example:

this site is to become the world's largest encyclopedia site.

athletes are currently running.

he is working on the renamed



complete description of the completion of the action and add more with time, adverbial

Example:

This site has become the world's largest encyclopedia site.

athletes ran the.

he had changed his name to



combination of tense with the English, the above can be combined tense.

Example:

this website yesterday has become the world's largest encyclopedia site. (Past perfect)

two years ago, the site is becoming the world's largest encyclopedia site. (Past continuous)

knew then that this site will become the world's largest encyclopedia site. (In the past future tense)

this site is now the world's largest encyclopedia site. (Until Now)

athletes are still running. (Until Now)

Xu Shu had his name more than three years. (Until Now)

him again last year after more lists into Jiaoxu Yuan Fu straight. (In the past future tense)

athletes said they would run. (In the past when the future)

athletes to start running the. (Future time)

he will do is to change the name of Xu Yuan straight. (In the past when the future)

this time tomorrow, he will go straight for the procedures was renamed Jiao Xu Yuan. (Future time)

this time tomorrow, he will be more directly called Xu Yuan. (Future perfect)

athletes will finish in one hour later. (Future perfect)

athletes will continue to run after an hour down. (Future perfect continuous)

Pangshi yuan and Zhuge Liang said he was still called Xu Yuan next year straight. (When the past future perfect) to athletes ran three o'clock an hour and twenty minutes. (When the past future perfect)

2020, the site will continue to be the world's largest encyclopedia site, the longest recorded history. (When the past future perfect)

... ... not one by one class act, when the state of Chinese demand on demand is not as formal and English is so urgent and need to clear event description, do not care about what is in the end tense. In contrast, when the state will lead to excessive care is not described accurately.

sentence sentence group

language group is greater than the sentence fragments, it is clear from the center of a group of mean coherent sentences back to back, while it is the article paragraph composition of materials.

sentence group is different from the complex sentence, from the writing perspective, only one end of the sentence complex sentence punctuation, and sentence groups more than one end of the sentence punctuation; complex sentence structure is tight inside the clause,UGGs, often used in groups or individual related words, and sentences in the sentence group and sentence structure between the loose, no special words used to represent the sentences associated with the semantic relations of sentences; In addition, the sentence group is also associated with the word sentence means, that the same or similar words to associate, which is different with the complex sentence.

sentence group and also different articles of the natural passages. Generally speaking, than the sentence of a paragraph of natural language fragments large group of naturally paragraph usually contains more than one sentence group. Sometimes, the paragraph with the sentence group is a coincidence, a sentence group is a natural passage, a few times, the natural passages even smaller group than the sentence, the sentence in the sentence group is divided into several natural passages.

Sentences classified in the grammar is the most meaningful sentence group structure type classification, this classification is based on a sentence within the sentence group relationship between the type of combination. Sentences are ten common structure type:

I: parallel relationship characterized by a sentence within the sentence group is equal parallel relationship, each sentence of a description of different aspects of things, or from a different angle describes several closely related things;

II: Shun Cheng various sentences between the development by time or event listed in the order, before and after the sentence is to undertake the relationship;

three: a progressive between sentences in the meaning behind the sentence than the previous one step further;

IV: is the relationship between sentences, and generally out of the total, said the first, after Takahashi;

Five: Yes Select the relationship of each sentence is to explain the situation, people choose one;

six: a turning point in relations between the sentences before and after a transition in meaning;

seven: before and after the sentence is a causal relationship the relationship between cause and effect;

eight: that is, the assumption that relations before and after the sentence is the relationship between assumptions and results;

nine: is the relationship between the conditions put forward conditions for the previous sentence, the sentence that followed the result;

X: is the relationship between the purpose of an act mentioned in the previous sentence, the sentence comes after the purpose of the act.

sentence if the sentence group within the structural relationship between the only one, that is, a structural level,UGG boots clearance, is the simple sentence group; if the sentence group relations within the sentence structure is more than one level of more than one level of its structure, that is, Multiple sentence group.

Sentences segmentation, is a natural group segment contains several sentences, the problem of how to divide the sentence group. Sentence group divided mainly according to the semantic relationship between sentences, paragraphs in the separation of relatively independent of the semantics of several centers around the semantic center of the sentence together, is a sentence group. It should be noted that not only the composition and Paragraphs sentence group, there will be a sentence, cut time-sharing and the sentence should distinguish sentence group.

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